Options for Application of Distributed Ledger Technologies in Development and Operation of Energy Communities

Deep integration of variable renewable energy sources in electrical power systems requires widespread use of digital technologies and novel citizen-oriented business models. The emergence of distributed ledger technologies (DLTs) has spurred the development of pilot projects and the assessment of the opportunities for the application of DLTs in the energy sector. In this paper, we examine DLTs considering their key features and applications in the energy sector, with a focus on their potential use in energy communities. As a case study, we present the pilot site in the city of Križevci in Croatia, where an energy community is being established. Based on this case, we assess the potential use cases, advantages, and possible drawbacks in the application of DLTs in comparison with the business-as-usual non-DLT solutions.