Optimal planning algorithm for a coordinated E-bus charging infrastructure

Electric buses (E-bus) are a powerful tool for climate change mitigation strategies. However, the massive use of E-buses will lead to a high penetration of distributed battery charging systems into the current electrical network, which has a direct impact in the operation and power quality of the grid. To tackle this challenge, a novel coordinated mathematical model to optimise the reliability in electric grid of a district with an E-bus charging infrastructure is proposed in this paper. For that purpose, voltage dips are minimized with the optimal allocation of charging systems and distributed generation as part of the optimisation problem, while an electric bus model in combination with battery management system and bus operation schedule is developed and proposed as part of the mathematical model. The model is tested in a case study for a typical district in a city like Bremen.