Biomarker-based approaches for dyslexia screening: A review

Early diagnosis of dyslexia, known as word-blindness, could affect the academic, social, and emotional well-being of individuals. Traditional dyslexia diagnostic approaches are based on subjectively assessed behavioral symptoms using standardized test batteries. Technology development in the domain of brain imaging provided a better insight into the brain structural differences that exist between dyslexic and non-dyslexic populations. Computer-based tools that include sophisticated measures from the data acquired by eye-tracking and/or electroencephalography devices offer an objective assessment of dyslexia. The criteria for dyslexia in contemporary systems is based on the results of statistical or machine learning algorithms. The focus of this paper is to present the different approaches of existing technologies that proved to be able to facilitate and automatize dyslexia detection.