ARIEL: Passive Beam-Scanning Antenna teRminal for Iridescent and Efficient LEO Satellite Connectivity

A novel low-cost high-gain beam-steering antenna terminal topology for global data connectivity with low-earth-orbit satellite constellations in the UHF 900 MHz ISM band is reported. It is shown how a simple printed-circuit-board half-width microstrip leaky-wave antenna (LWA) with passive frequency-beam scanning capacity provides an energy-efficient scanning method avoiding more power-demanding and expensive beam-steering techniques (such as electronic scanning, mechanical rotation, or beam switching). For that, iridescent channel-agile operation and cross-layer optimization are needed. As an example, two single-element LWAs and an LWA array are designed to scan the celestial vault with an angular elevation scanning range of 130° and using the available LoRaWAN protocol channels from 902 to 928 MHz. It is reported a scanned-beam peak gain above 9 dBi for the compact printed-circuit LWA array design with 55 cm × 27 cm aperture dimensions.