Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) for Multi-Objective Performance Optimization of Microstrip Patch Antenna for Wide-band Applications

In this paper, the proposed antenna design is a conventional rectangular-shaped microstrip patch antenna with partial ground plane to operate at 10.5 GHz. There are some inherent disadvantages of conventional microstrip antennas such as narrow bandwidth, low gain/ directivity, low efficiency, etc. The proposed design is optimized and converged using Particle Swarm optimization (PSO) to overcome these limitations. This antenna is constructed using FR4 substrate material having dielectric constant of 4.3. The dimension of the proposed antenna is 25.81 mm $\times$ 23.08 mm $\times$ 1.58 mm. This antenna provides sufficiently large simulated bandwidth of 1.95 GHz (9.71-11.66 GHz) and measured bandwidth of 1.55 GHz (9.66-11.21GHz). The values of return loss is −28.40 dB (simulated) and −23.02 dB (measured) at 10.5 GHz. The simulated radiation patterns show the omnidirectional radiation characteristics. The proposed antenna exhibits higher simulated values of gain (4.07dB) and directivity (5.01dB) at 10.5 GHz.