Dynamic Optimal Control for Wastewater Treatment Process Under Multiple Operating Conditions

Wastewater treatment process (WWTP) is operated with multiple conditions. Accurately identify these conditions and satisfy the different requirements are the keys to guarantee the optimal operation of WWTP. To solve this problem, a dynamic optimal control (DOC) strategy is designed in this paper. First, with the aid of the predicting models by adaptive fuzzy neural network for effluent nitrate and total nitrogen, different operating conditions can be identified. Corresponding to each condition, changing number of operating objectives are formulated to match the different requirements. Second, due to the changeable operating objectives can cause the expanded/contracted dimension of Pareto-optimal set, a dynamic multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm is developed. In this algorithm, self-adjusting mechanism of population size and global optimal solution are designed to derive the optimal solutions of control variables. Third, fuzzy controllers, matched with the different conditions, are designed to trace these optimal solutions. Finally, the effectiveness of DOC strategy is tested on a real WWTP. The results demonstrate that this proposed DOC strategy enables to achieve promising operating performance.
Note to Practitioners
—This article aims to develop an optimal control strategy to match the multiple conditions and improve the operating performance. To achieve this goal, a dynamic optimal control (DOC) strategy, with the consideration of different operating conditions, is designed. Two key points are contained, the identification of multiple operating conditions and the satisfaction of different requirements. Due to each condition confronts with different requirements, it is important to accurately identify the conditions and construct the corresponding operating objectives. Based on the obtained operating data, changeable operating objectives are established to describe the different conditions. In addition, to satisfy the operating requirements, it is necessary to optimize the changeable objectives, but the changes in the number of objectives can cause the expanded/ contracted of Pareto-optimal set. A dynamic multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm, with self-adjusting mechanism of population size and global optimal solution, is designed to deal with this kind of optimization problem. The effectiveness and applicability of the proposed DOC strategy are evaluated on a pilot platform of a real WWTP, showing the improvement on the operating performance. These advantages can be valuable for transplanting this strategy to other real wastewater treatment plants to realize the optimal operation.