Infrastructure-Based Object Detection and Tracking for Cooperative Driving Automation: A Survey

Object detection and tracking play a fundamental role in enabling Cooperative Driving Automation (CDA), which is regarded as the revolutionary solution to addressing safety, mobility, and sustainability issues of contemporary transportation systems. Although current computer vision technologies can provide satisfactory object detection results in occlusion-free scenarios, the perception performance of onboard sensors is inevitably limited by the range and occlusion. Owing to the flexible location and pose for sensor installation, infrastructure-based detection, and tracking systems can enhance the perception capability of connected vehicles; as such, they have quickly become a popular research topic. In this survey paper, we review the research progress for infrastructure-based object detection and tracking systems. Architectures of roadside perception systems based on different types of sensors are reviewed to show a high-level description of the workflows for infrastructure-based perception systems. Roadside sensors and different perception methodologies are reviewed and analyzed with detailed literature to provide a low-level explanation for specific methods followed by Datasets and Simulators to draw an overall landscape of infrastructure-based object detection and tracking methods. We highlight current opportunities, open problems, and anticipated future trends.