Reliability Evaluation of Distribution System Considering a Modified Electric Bus as a Mobile Energy Storage (Tehran E-Bus as a Case study)

The development of technologies related to the design and production of electric vehicles has facilitated the use of Mobile Battery Energy Storage Systems (MBESS) in electrical distribution systems (DS), and can greatly increase the reliability at the Microgrids (MG) level. This paper studies the use of an Electric Bus as a MG-MBESS in two levels: the first level determines the E-Bus to MBESS conversion capacity, considering the vehicle’s design principles and practical constraints, and the second level studies the effect of using this MBESS on the system’s ENS index by considering the DS average lines failure rates in unplanned outage scenarios. For this purpose, Tehran E-Bus has been selected as a base vehicle that can help the Service Restoration problem by transferring to the downstream fault area and connecting to the grid through the V2G Charging Stations (CS). Since there are CSs with different capacities in the network, selecting the optimal CS in the downstream fault area is considered to provide maximum energy from MBESS to the grid. This issue has been studied per 100,000 outages and different initial conditions, under different scenarios for the number of vehicles, speed, CS capacity, and different placement of CS in the RBTS 2BUS distribution system. The simulation results show an 18 to 23% improvement in the average ENS DS index using MBESS Tehran with a capacity equivalent to 5% of the total system demand, which is a significant and effective improvement in the MG scale.