Evaluation and control of opinion polarization and disagreement: a review

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to review the recent studies on opinion polarization and disagreement. Design/methodology/approach – In this work, recent advances in opinion polarization and disagreement and pay attention to how they are evaluated and controlled are reviewed. Findings – In literature, three metrics: polarization, disagreement and polarization-disagreement index are usually adopted and there is a tradeoff between polarization and disagreement. Different strategies have been proposed in literature which can significantly control opinion polarization and disagreement based on these metrics. Originality/value – This review is of crucial importance to summarize works on opinion polarization and disagreement and to the better understanding and control of them.