Emerging Node Localization State-of-Art Techniques Classification with Comparative Analysis in UWSNs

Underwater Wireless Sensor Network (UWSN) is used for oceanic applications like navigation, monitoring, exploration, observation, etc. For these applications, sensors are deployed in the ocean to gather data. These sensor nodes are easy to deploy but tough to manage for getting the desired location data. N ode localization in UWSN is the must mechanism to identify the location of sensors. Due to water crest-trough, habitat-sea vehicle movement, these nodes may get displacement up to 3m/s, that results in data error. Thus, localization of nodes is an essential process in UWSN to make the gathered data meaningful and useful. In this paper, different localization schemes are discussed with the performance comparison. Further, some state-of-art localization schemes are also compared with network simulators to analyze the performance based on QoS matrices like energy consumption, and error rate. The aim of the paper is to draw the attention of researchers in this field.