Siamese Learning-Based Monarch Butterfly Localization

A new GPS-less, daily localization method is proposed with deep learning sensor fusion that uses daylight intensity and temperature sensor data for Monarch butterfly tracking. Prior methods suffer from the location-independent day length during the equinox, resulting in high localization errors around that date. This work proposes a new Siamese learning-based localization model that improves the accuracy and reduces the bias of daily Monarch butterfly localization using light and temperature measurements. To train and test the proposed algorithm, we use 5658 daily measurement records collected through a data measurement campaign involving 306 volunteers across the U.S., Canada, and Mexico from 2018 to 2020. This model achieves a mean absolute error of 1.416° in latitude and 0.393° in longitude coordinates outperforming the prior method.