Data forwarding to Fog with guaranteed fault tolerance in Internet of Things (IoT)

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a technology that employs a variety of sensors and wireless communication protocols. People are leveraging IoT to make their lives easier by using innovative and intelligent equipment. One of them is home automation, which works in conjunction with the actuators and sensors linked to the network. The massive increase in the number of sensors, embedded systems, personal devices, etc., will increase the load and, thus, the faults. In such complicated and dense networks, the capacity to offer reliable services in any circumstance is required, and the IoT sensors should not be interrupted. Fault-tolerance methods are essential to maintain low latency and high reliability in IoT systems. A dynamic and sophisticated algorithm is needed to ensure the services in real-world applications. In this proposed method, firstly, the Fog retrieves and stores the Availability, Reliability, and Throughput information (ART) from each cluster. Then, the second round compares the parameters available for the current situation because it is possible to fail in each round. If the ART is equal with the first round, the situation is continuous; otherwise, Fog requests from the Cluster Head (CH) to find the faulty sensor. By removing the faulty sensor, the adjacent nodes must re-route. The proposed method has been simulated in a NS3 environment and achieved high reliability and throughput compared to other algorithms.