Resilient Load Frequency Control of Power Systems to Compensate Random Time Delays and Time-Delay Attacks

Load frequency control (LFC) of modern power systems tends to employ open communication networks to transmit measurement/control signals, which makes the LFC scheme more vulnerable to random time delays and time-delay attacks (TDAs). In this article, a resilient and active time-delay-compensation-based LFC scheme is proposed to compensate the random time delays and TDAs. At first, a state observer is employed to estimate the state of the LFC system. Then, a networked predictive control method is used to predict the control signals of the system in future moments. Next, an evaluation and compensation scheme for random time delays and TDAs is constructed in the actuator side of the LFC scheme based on the updating period of the actuator and the timestamp technique. Due to the stochastic characteristics of the random time delays or TDAs, the stability condition of the proposed scheme is developed with the aid of the mean-square stability theory. Moreover, a dual-loop open communication is employed in the proposed scheme to improve the reliability and resilience. At last, simulation and experiment tests are undertaken to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.