Lifetime Maximization of Bin Level IoT Sensor and Route Optimization for Smart Waste Management in Hilly City Shimla, India: A Comparative Analysis

Indian Himalayan region is the natural resource reserves and rendering the services as unpaid managers and custodians of natural wealth, which compromising its ecosystem due to improper waste management. With the alarming increase in pollution levels in the hilly region, it become imperative to emphasize the need for state-of-the-art techniques for effective solid waste management (SWM) considering the peculiarity of the hilly terrain. The objective is to presents a novel optimal solution for SWM in the Internet of Things (IoT) networks for the hilly Shimla smart city. The major concern of IoT-enabled devices is improving lifetime by energy efficiency. The aim is to bring a long-term platform for effective SWM in Shimla Municipality by continuously monitoring the garbage level with the deployment of sensors on waste bins so that the economy and efficiency of waste collection and transportation can be improved. Additionally, optimal routes for garbage collector vehicles in the rugged terrain of the hilly region. To improve the overall efficiency of waste management, a joint approach is proposed for maximizing the lifetime of IoT-enabled devices installed in smart bins and optimizing the route of garbage collector vehicles based on various parameters as applicable in the hilly terrain of Shimla city. Based on the results, the proposed approach increases the lifetime of IoT nodes by 88.7% as well as reduces the cost of solid waste management by 87% as compared to other state-of-the-art techniques.