Study the Effect of Dielectric Permittivity and Changing Substrates Material on Microstrip Patch Antenna

In this paper, three different cases of analysis were investigated. The first case is study the effect of varying the dielectric permittivity on the Microstrip Patch Antenna (MPA). While the second case is to inspect the impact of modifying the thickness of the substrate with the insertion of an air gap between the patch and the substrate. Investigating the effect of changing the type of the conductive material in the third case (copper, aluminum, gold, platinum, and graphene were used). It is found that the bandwidth depends on the substrate type. The use of graphene patch give a relative gain of 15dB. It is also found that the increase in dielectric constant (
$\varepsilon \mathrm{r}$
) causes the bandwidth downsizing as well as decreasing the gain. Using a wooden substrate increases the antenna bandwidth. Utilizing the air gap, between the patch and the substrate, to enhance electrical insulation. It is found that reducing the air gap caused a noticeable bandwidth reduction.