Efficient Image Encryption Based on New Substitution Box Using DNA Coding and Bent Function

This study contributes to creating an unbreakable S-Box based on a strong bent function expanded by DNA sequences and investigates and analyzes the strength of the proposed S-Box against major standard criteria and benchmarks, such as interpolation attacks, algebraic attacks, avalanche effect, nonlinearity, and period. The outcome of the tests shows that the proposed S-box has good security, as well as it is passed all the randomness tests. On an average, the results after the tests applied have been come with SAC = 0.50122, NL = 112, BIC = 103.40625, and an iterative period with a maximum value of 256. The complexity of the proposed S-Box increased with an algebraic expression of 255 terms, which implies an algebraic attack resistance of
$2^{160}$
. Based on the proposed S-Box, a candidate image-enciphering scheme is suggested to prove the strength of the S-Box. The analysis of the experiments that applied two modes of images, grey and RGB images, supports the scheme’s robustness against different differential and statical attacks using standard criteria such as correlation coefficient analysis, information entropy, histogram analysis, unified average change intensity, number of pixels change rate and many others. This enforces its capability for use in modern-day cryptosystems that are utilized in multimedia data exchange.