Operation Management of Microgrid Supplying to the Residential, Industrial and Commercial Community using Different Demand Response Techniques

The use of renewable energy sources is expanding on a daily basis as power demand rises, and non-renewable energy sources alone will not be able to supply the total need. Another downside of non-renewable sources is that they contribute to increased emissions, making it necessary to reduce their use. With the penetration of renewable sources, the dependability on microgrids has also been increased, which also helps the utility to fulfil the demand of different consumers. In this paper, a grid-connected microgrid consisting of a PV, wind-generator, biomass, fuel cell, and battery is considered to fulfil the demand of residential, small-scale industry, and commercial community. Additionally, non-shiftable residential, industrial, and commercial loads have been considered for scheduling under the incentive-based demand response (IB-DR) technique, and shiftable residential appliances have been considered for scheduling via various pricing-based techniques such as Time of Use, Critical Peak Pricing, and Real-Time Pricing scheme. Two scenarios are considered in the study: one without taking user preferences into account, and the other with taking user preferences. Finally, the problem is solved to optimize the scheduling of the generation source under IB-DR technique and to minimize the consumer electricity consumption cost with and without price-based demand response.