Allocating and Routing Resources in an IoT Network with an Efficient Hybrid Optimization Approach

Technology, economics, government, people, management, and infrastructure all play a role in creating a Smart City. This indicates that a Smart City may have different communication requirements than a traditional city. The introduction of wireless technologies like WiFi, Bluetooth, ZigBee, WiMax, and 4G/LTE has made them a viable option for facilitating communication in Smart City projects. As long as they are using unlicensed interference, coexistence and band problems will continue to be a problem. Smart cities utilize the Internet of Things (IoT) to address this issue. Using hybrid optimization methods, this article tackles the problems of resource allocation and routing for the Internet of Things (IoT) by proposing the ECRR protocol (energy efficient, congestion aware resource allocation and routing). Data clustering and met heuristic algorithms are usedin the first step of the ECRR method to better distribute IoT devices and gateways throughout the network. It also proposes a method for selecting the best future route by using a queue-based swarm optimization algorithm, which enhancesthe route discovery process. With Network Simulator (NS-2), the proposed ECRR approach is simulated and compared to existing state-of-the-art methods in terms of energy consumption, node lifetime, throughput, end-to end latency, packet delivery ratio, and packet overheads.