A Novel Consensus Protocol in Blockchain Network based on Proof of Activity Protocol and Game Theory

Blockchain networks are already extensively used in various applications because of their increased security. The unique characteristics of blockchain technology, such as decentralized, peer-to-peer, and invariable distributed ledger qualities, make it appealing to researchers, academics, and industry. The consensus protocol is a fundamental part of blockchain technology. PoW (Proof of Work) or fixed-validator consensus protocols comprise most of the existing consensus mechanisms. However, the tremendous computational effort required for PoW leads to excessive energy and computing resource usage. On the other hand, Fixed-validator protocols validate new blocks by a fixed, static set of validators, allowing attackers to execute multiple attacks against these validators. In this article, we proposed a novel consensus protocol base on the Proof of Activity protocol and game theory. Our consensus protocol is efficient in energy consumption and can deal with selfish mining and majority-attack.