A Comprehensive Survey on mm Wave Systems with Beamforming Effects in Antenna for 5G Applications

The exponential increase in mobile data traffic, especially for cell-edge users, is one of the biggest concerns facing the mobile broadband community. As a result, in a multitier network, there will always be a requirement of high, interference-free transmission and reception. Beamforming (BF) is a cutting-edge technology that provides a vastly improved solution to minimize interference and increasing system capacity. As a result, the installation of relays in mobile data networks has resulted in spectral efficiency improvements and cell capacity advances in the entire system. The antenna-based millimeter wave (mmWave) is a new prospective alternative for meeting the massive growing bandwidth demand. Because of the shortest wavelength and complexity of mmWave systems, traditional estimation techniques, depends on exploration of sparsity or properties with a similar level are no longer useful, necessitating the development of more modern and sophisticated estimate algorithms to re-capture the channel matrix of interest. This work presents a thorough examination of the performance of channel estimation (CE) in antennas, with the goal of overcoming critical load and interference issues.