Step-By-Step Guide to Model Photovoltaic Panels: An Up-To-Date Comparative Review Study

The presented study conducted a substantial literature review regarding the electrical modeling of photovoltaic panels. All the main models suggested in the literature to predict a photovoltaic panel's electrical behavior were reviewed, and diode-based equivalent electrical circuit models were selected for further investigations. The study performed a step-by-step investigation, comparison, and classification, followed by an in-depth and critical analysis of the art state. All the main diode-based models suggested in the literature were classified. The models' unknown parameters and the corresponding extraction methods were introduced and compared based on their accuracy, computing costs, and applicability. Reviewing the literature indicates that the extracted parameters under standard test conditions must be adjusted to actual environmental conditions to precisely predict a photovoltaic panel's behavior. By taking that into account, all the applied modifications in the literature were introduced and categorized. Finally, the reviewed documents were assessed critically to identify the research gaps and challenges. The analysis noted that although intensive research studies have been done, there are still many challenges to be faced. Thus, some directions for future research are proposed to cope with the remaining shortages. The presented study could be considered a step-by-step guide for anyone who wants to model the electrical behavior of photovoltaic panels under any environmental conditions.