Low-Profile Automotive Antenna Systems for MIMO 5G and L1/L5 GNSS Communications

This paper presents fully integrated low-profile antenna systems for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) 5G and global navigation satellite system (GNSS) for L1/L5 frequency bands. The designs can be used on the vehicle's roof inside a low-profile housing due to its physical parameters and performance. Two samples are presented using HFSS simulation. The first sample shows the 5G MIMO integration performance with the L1 GNSS band while the second sample is integrated with the L5 GNSS band. The measurement results are discussed and plotted in terms of voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), passive isolation, and radiation patterns.