Quality of Service based and Energy Efficient Routing Algorithm in Wireless Sensor Networks

Due to advent of technologies in the field of microelectronics, sensor nodes became more compact and having enhanced processing abilities. During recent years, Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is used for multimedia data transmission. Such a kind of data transmission, requires path in WSN, which will offer required Quality of Service (QoS). Ant Colony Optimization is one of the proven swarm intelligence technique which can be used to find path from source node to destination node in WSN. In this paper, an Energy Efficient and QoS based Routing Algorithm (EEQRA) is discussed which is used to find application specific path which also satisfies required QoS. EEQRA is cluster-based routing algorithm in which cluster head is selected on the basis of residual energy and intra cluster communication is based on carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance. Along with this, congestion control technique is discussed which involves buffer monitoring of sensor node and it is used to increase network lifetime. When compared to contemporary protocols, EEQRA gives an energy efficient path which offers QoS and deals with congestion leading to increased network lifetime.