Adaptive Clustering for Efficient Urban Area HAP Coveraged

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) is a network that consist of sensor nodes that can collect data and relay it to the base station (BS). This paper uses the High-Altitude Platform (HAP) to replace BS as the sink node for the WSN. The HAP is designed with a coverage area of 63 km and an altitude of 20 km above the ground. The main limitation of WSN is the power limitation at each sensor node. A way to overcome the limitation is by using clustering technique. Therefore, this article proposes adaptive clustering of WSN-based HAPs. It supports many sensor nodes and can predict HAP movement. In this paper, 250.000 sensor nodes are distributed over the sensor area and clustered using the proposed clustering algorithm. The simulation was performed to correlate the proposed clustering algorithm mechanism with HAP motion.