Energy-saved and load-balanced wireless sensor network clustering in a multi-layered wireless networks structures

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) are widely used in several areas of our daily life. The science of WSN has seen several advancements over the past 20 years through the implementation of several protocols and paradigms that help reduce power consumption and balance loads in resource-constrained sensors. In this context, clustering acts as the most widespread and scalable solution, it has considerably improved the WSN in terms of technical performance and quality of the services offered. In this article, we propose a reinforcement of the k-medoids algorithm which consists in eliminating the stochastic aspect in the choice of the number and the initial centers of the clusters, forming the clusters according to the multi-layer structure, and establishing the routing paths for all sensors so that they can reach the receiving node. The simulations carried out have made it possible to confirm that the proposed work achieves the targeted objective which is the minimization of energy consumption and load-balancing.