Variability-Aware Memristive Crossbars—A Tutorial

Memristor crossbar architecture is one of the most popular circuit configurations due to its wide range of practical applications. The crossbar architecture can emulate the weighted summation operation, called multiply and accumulate operation (MAC). The errors to MAC computing get introduced due to a range of crossbar variability. We broadly group the variability in three categories: (1) device-to-device variations, (2) programming nonlinearity, and (3) those from peripheral circuits. This tutorial provides insights into the variability and compensation approaches that can be adopted to reduce its impact when designing for practical applications with crossbars.