Intelligent Sleep Monitoring System Based on Microservices and Event-Driven Architecture

Sleep monitoring using polysomnography (PSG) in hospitals can be considered expensive, so the preferable way is to use contactless and wearable sensors to monitor sleep daily by patients at home. In this study, the Internet-of-Things (IoT) platform was utilized for sleep monitoring with contactless or wearable sensors as an integrated system developed based on an event-driven and microservice architecture. Multiple services that respond to events are provided within the system. Electrocardiogram (ECG) data were used as the input in the sleep monitoring system. The combination of the weighted extreme learning machine (WELM) algorithm with particle swarm optimization (PSO) was used to process the ECG data, followed by fuzzy logic to measure sleep quality, then display the data on the dashboard. Based on the experimental results, the proposed architecture increased throughput by 34.76%, decreased response time by 55.85%, and reduced memory consumption by 37.26% per instance replication compared to the non-event-driven architecture. The accuracies of the sleep stage classification were 78.78% and 73.09% for the three and four classes, respectively, and the area under a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) reached 0.89 for both the three and four class classifications.