A Review on Integration of Electric Vehicle in Smart Grid: Operational modes, Issues and Challenges

Electrical vehicles are the turning point in the transportation industry. With the rising concern over issues like rapidly decreasing fossil fuel and pollution, electric vehicles are proving to be the new era for vehicular transportation. In addition to being the mobility aid, they can also work as energy storage sources for a local distribution system. They can work in a vehicle to grid (V2G) and vice versa i.e., G2V with two new concepts of a vehicle to home (V2H) and home to vehicle (H2V) mode. This paper reviews various operational modes, issues, and challenges related to integrating the vehicle with the grid.