Energy Efficient PSO-based routing protocol for large WSN

Energy efficiency is one of the biggest issues in Wireless Sensors Networks (WSN) especially in large areas. Routing topology consists of defining the routes for each sensor towards the BS. Clustering have been used to centralize data collection and transmission and showed remarkable improvement compared to directs schemes. In large monitored areas, and in order to avoid excessive CH's energy consumption, Multi-hop communication is used to route data to the BS. In this paper, we transformed the routing problem to an optimization problem proposing a PSO-based routing process taking into consideration the distance of transmission and the residual energy of CHs to optimize the overall routes to the BS. Based on a new fitness function, we managed to guarantee less traveled distance and the reliability of links, avoiding CHs death during process by relaying on residual energies as a factor to select routes. Our proposed PSO-based routing technique had optimized routes, stabilized the network, reduced the energy consumption and improved the number of packets received by 19.92% compared to MHT-LEACH, 64.46% compared to DEEC and by more than 81% compared to LEACH.