Intelligent Permaculture: A Sustainable and Profitable Practice for Tropical and Maritime Climate Urban and Peri-urban Agricultural Ecosystems

Permaculture is a land management and regenerative agriculture that is the integration of technological advancement and the natural agricultural ecosystems. It is usually manifested in green architecture and balcony gardens in an urban area. However, peri-urban geographical regions are those situated in between urban and rural areas that are experiencing the impacts of modernizing community and conventional farming. This study discusses the technological drivers making intelligent permaculture ecosystems and applications, the current issues and challenges in this emerging agricultural and horticultural scheme, and a set of future directives in intelligent permaculture ecosystems in a tropical and maritime climatic setting. Based on the systematic analysis, this study had established a guideline that compliance to UN sustainable development goals, controlled environment engineering, and planting of fruit-bearing trees and vegetables in sidewalks can solve the issues of public knowledge, ecological stability and environmental sustainability, profitability issue, and technological constraints concerning intelligent permaculture systems.