Smart Mobility Implementation in Smart Cities: A Comprehensive Review on State-of-art Technologies

Population growth and urbanization have posed major challenges in city/urban management. To provide the basic services to citizens, the cities are becoming smart by utilizing the advances in the Internet and Communication Technology to transform the cities to be eco-friendly, livable, and sustainable. Smart cities are the current trend where the local governments actively involve citizens and the technology for providing smart services. There are several theoretical and conceptual frameworks presented by various researchers in which important components and services that need to be provided by the smart city are represented. In this article, the most common components of a smart city as discussed in the existing literature such as smart economy, smart governance, smart living, smart people, smart environment, and smart mobility are highlighted. Also, a comprehensive review is conducted on state-of-art technology involved in the implementation of smart mobility, a vital component of a smart city. Smart mobility features such as smart streets, parking, pedestrian management, transportation services, traffic management, navigation system, and e-ticketing are studied. A road map is suggested through the study to assist the stakeholders in smart mobility application implementation. The review explored that there are several theoretical frameworks as compared to a conceptual framework for the aforementioned features of smart mobility. Few features of smart mobility such as smart pedestrian management, carpooling, and integrated transport systems are very rarely implemented. Hence there is a scope for research and implementation of these features of smart mobility in the future.