Resource-Aware Time Series Imaging Classification for Wireless Link Layer Anomalies

The number of end devices that use the last-mile wireless connectivity is dramatically increasing with the rise of smart infrastructures and requires reliable functioning to support smooth and efficient business processes. To efficiently manage such massive wireless networks, more advanced and accurate network monitoring and malfunction detection solutions are required. In this article, we perform a first-time analysis of image-based representation techniques for wireless anomaly detection using recurrence plots (RPs) and Gramian angular fields and propose a new deep learning architecture enabling accurate anomaly detection. We elaborate on the design considerations for developing a resource-aware architecture and propose a new model using time series to image transformation using RPs. We show that the proposed model: 1) outperforms the one based on Gramian angular fields by up to 14% points; 2) outperforms classical ML models using dynamic time warping by up to 24% points; 3) outperforms or performs on par with mainstream architectures, such as AlexNet and VGG11 while having
$ < 10\times $
their weights and up to ≈8% of their computational complexity; and d) outperforms the state of the art in the respective application area by up to 55% points. Finally, we also explain on randomly chosen examples how the classifier takes decisions.