Performance Analysis for AOA-Based Localization Under Millimeter-Wave Wireless Networks

Millimeter-Wave (mmWave) communication is a promising solution for achieving high data rate and low latency in 5G wireless networks. Since directional beamforming and antenna arrays are exploited in the mmWave networks, accurate angle-of-arrival (AOA) measurements can be obtained and utilized for localization purposes. In this work, we consider the AOA-based positioning for the mmWave networks using stochastic geometry and analyze how the Cramér-Rao lower bound (CRLB) is affected by the spatial distribution of nodes, including the target and participating anchors. In order to apply the CRLB on a network setting with random node locations, we propose an accurate approximation of the CRLB using the
$\lceil L/4 \rceil $
-th value of the ordered distances where
$L$
is the number of participating anchors. These findings provide us deep insight into optimum network design that meets specified localization requirements.