Comparison between the physical layer of the 4G and 5G standards

This paper analyzes and compares the most representative characteristics of the physical layer of Fourth Generation (4G) and the Fifth Generation (5G) cellular mobile technologies, highlighting the variable bandwidths, the use of millimeter waves, beamforming, massive Multiple Input and Multiple Output (MIMO) high-speed modulation schemes, and the low latency of 1ms. By comprehending these characteristics, it is possible to understand the benefits of high data transmission and real-time communication that the new 5G mobile generation will offer, improving how human beings have communicated wirelessly up to now.