The Compact 2.4 GHz Hybrid Electromagnetic Solar Energy Harvesting (HES-EH) circuit using Seven Stage Voltage Doubler and Organic Thin Film Solar Cell

The main factor for the sustainability of Internet of Things mobile devices is the support of wireless energy, especially Hybrid sources, specifically solar cells and electromagnetic high-frequency harvesting circuits. This research proposed a seven-stage 2.4 GHz Rectenna voltage doubler configuration structure compactly combined with organic thin-film solar cells to solve these problems. Besides that, the advantages of the integrated hybrid circuits with reflectors and solar cells can protect the physical structure of the microstrip antenna, harvest 180 degrees opposite position AC source, and become a backup energy source if one of the AC sources is not active. By optimizing the reflector antenna as a collector of electromagnetic power and placing embedded organic thin-film solar cells, the AC power harvesting component has three layers in its structure: Antenna, Reflector, and Thin Film Solar Cell. The compact microstrip antenna circuit has a gain value of 5.39 dBi with a reflector as an optimization structure. The radiation pattern is direct with theta angle, and the frequency range is 2.38–2.44 GHz based on the measurement analysis. Based on the implementation of the hybrid system, the research and measurements of the design carried out have high effectiveness in harvesting energy from high-frequency electromagnetics and complementary thin-film solar cell when analyzed based on the output voltage. The output voltage is 3,8152 V at a light intensity of 680 lux and radiation power of 30 dBm in a near-field area of 20 cm. For a maximum experimental area distance of 200cm, the HES-EH can produce an output power of 1.2651 V at a light intensity of 140 lux and a Radiation power of −5 dBm. So it is very effective to support low-power wireless devices in both far-field and near-field areas.