Flow battery: An energy storage alternative for hydropower station

Flow batteries (e.g., Vanadium flow batteries) are largely used as ample energy storage for renewable energy, which are highly commercialized as the most attractive storage techniques for power storage on large scales. However, relatively high costs and potential toxicity related to vanadium should be solved for future energy storage applications. New materials like AQDS (9,10-anthraquinone-2,7-disulphonic acid) are used as a replacement with low environmental impact and much lower costs. Based on the research focused on the flow battery system, it is concluded that AQDS could be a highly competitive material used for large-scale energy storage systems. These results shed light on future possibilities of renewable energy storage and development for more efficient material of flow battery.