MOBILE NETWORK MULTICAST SUPPORTED MAINTENANCE OF FREQUENCY STABILITY IN LOW INERTIA POWER GRIDS

In order to overcome decreasing grid inertia, Nordic transmission system operators introduced in 2020 a new reserve product, Fast Frequency Reserve (FFR). The FFR reserve should be capable of becoming activated within 0.7–1.3 seconds to compensate for the decreased inertia. This paper introduces and analyses a mobile (cellular) network multicast-based solution for providing FFR capabilities. A purpose-built measurement setup, including a real 4G and 5G packet core, base station and terminals, is developed to evaluate the response times. The FFR potential within one Distribution System Operator, KSS Verkko Oy, is analysed based on real grid data.