Complementary Coded CDMA With Multi-Layer Quadrature Modulation

In an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system, cyclic prefix (CP) has to be added to eliminate multipath-induced inter-symbol interference (ISI) with a severely sacrificed bandwidth efficiency. Peak-to-average ratio (PAPR) may impair its performance further if a large number of carriers are used. On the other hand, traditional multi-carrier modulation suffers a prohibitive complexity, which can not be implemented with colorred current available silicon technologies. This work proposes a cost-effective way to implement multi-carrier modulation, namely multi-layer quadrature (MLQ) modulation, which requires only two oscillators. As an application example, we apply MLQ modulation to a complementary coded code division multiple access (MLQ-CC-CDMA) system, whose multi-carrier transmission is based on MLQ modulation to mitigate ISI and multi-user interference (MUI) with ideal auto- and cross-correlations of complementary codes. Compared to a frequency domain (FD) CC-CDMA system, MLQ-CC-CDMA has a lower RF complexity. Compared to OFDM direct sequence (DS) CDMA and single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) CDMA schemes, MLQ-CC-CDMA achieves a higher spectrum efficiency (SE) and a lower bit error rate with Rake and minimum mean square error (MMSE) detection due to its powerful multipath and multi-carrier diversity gains.