A Review on Organic Cotton: Various Challenges, Issues and Application for Smart Agriculture

Cotton fiber is a historically significant, conventional, and natural fiber most widely used in all varieties. Cotton production in the traditional sense necessitates the use of a lot of artificial fertilizers and pesticides. The volume of overall fertilizer intake is recorded as 33 percent of the cotton production per annum using a rough estimation method. Organic cotton is cultivated with distinctive techniques and carefully monitored auxiliaries with shared environmental effects. Organic cotton cultivation includes selecting biotic and abiotic resistant crops, using compost, vermicompost, and organic manures, intercropping with green manures, seed rotation, and bio-fertilizers, bio-pesticides, and botanicals, among others. The use of locally available biological inputs lowers cultivation costs considerably. Natural fiber production aims to safeguard natural resources, human health, wildlife, plantations, and long-term living conditions. Organic cultivation restores and maintains soil productivity, reduces poisonous and persistent pesticides and fertilizers, and promotes biological diversity. As a result, organic cotton farming is a methodical approach to preserving ecological diversity while ensuring a steady yield and profits. Owing to the drop in premium rates paid for organically grown cotton, the region under organic cotton cultivation is shrinking.