Semi-supervised t-SNE for Millimeter-wave Wireless Localization

We consider the mobile localization problem in future millimeter-wave wireless networks with distributed Base Stations (BSs) based on multi-antenna channel state information (CSI). For this problem, we propose a Semi-supervised t-distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (St-SNE) algorithm to directly embed the high-dimensional CSI samples into the 2D geographical map. We evaluate the performance of St-SNE in a simulated urban outdoor millimeter-wave radio access network. Our results show that St-SNE achieves a mean localization error of 6.8 m with only 5% of labeled CSI samples in a 200×200 m
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area with a ray-tracing channel model. St-SNE does not require accurate synchronization among multiple BSs, and is promising for future large-scale millimeter-wave localization.