Developments in Islanding Detection and Its Comparison: A Comprehensive Review

Nowadays, looking at various benefit of renewable energy sources, the power grid is getting integrated with several renewable power resources, i.e., solar PV, wind, bio-gas, etc. at various levels. Unintentional islanding is one big operational issue with such islanded micro-grids. Amid islanding, the local loads started to draw current through the nearest connected distributed generators. Consequently, locally connected distributed generators led to unexpected overburden. This article examines a variety of islanding detection approaches, which can be broadly classified into two categories: remote and local. As the name suggests, a remote technique detects islanding by interacting with the utility side, whereas, the other one detects it using the DG side measurements/perturbations. Remote techniques mainly include communication-based methods. Local approaches are divided into three categories: passive, active, and hybrid. The contribution of this papers is that it takes a lead to discuss various advantages, disadvantages, risks, problems, non-detection zones (NDZ), accurate islanding detection, and various associated standards in a comparative manner.