Realization of Deep Tilt Angle, High Aperture Efficiency, and Low Sidelobe Using a Single Metaplate and a Patch Antenna

A beam-forming system for a patch antenna is proposed to realize a deeply tilted beam with high-gain, high aperture efficiency, and low sidelobe level. The proposed system uses only one novel metaplate, where the total system height is less than one wavelength. Firstly, a T-shaped metatwin is created as an element for the metaplate. It is revealed that the metatwin can provide a phase shift of more than 450° with change in the metatwin arm length. Based on this, secondly, a simulation is performed where a normally incident plane wave is refracted at a deep angle of 65° using a single metaplate. Thirdly, the incident plane wave is changed to a quasi-spherical wave using a small patch antenna. It is found that a 65° tilted beam is formed by virtue of a newly designed single metaplate. It is also found that a gain of 18.1 dBi is realized with an aperture efficiency of 49% and a maximum side lobe level of −14.6 dB. Fourthly, all simulated results, including the frequency response of the gain and S11, are validated using measured results.