Low-Cost Sensor-Based and LoRaWAN Opportunities for Landslide Monitoring Systems on IoT Platform: A Review

Landslides are a frequent natural hazard during the rainy season, causing infrastructural and economic damage globally. Several studies on landslide monitoring techniques have been conducted in order to reduce various types of losses. There is an extensive review in this article of the ground monitoring method that uses a variety of sensors and some of the primary advances that help to enhance architecture and fulfill user needs. Study of cost-effective ground monitoring technique analysis in different landslide warning systems and some known cases in research article based on coverage area and energy harvesting methods also discussed. Moreover, WSN architecture identified and creates classes according to their benefits and drawbacks as well as performance is evaluated such as efficiency, reliability, quality of service, and network lifetime.