Cooperative patterns or how to support Human-Cyber-Physical Systems cooperation

Since the first principles of Human-Machine System proposed by Thomas Sheridan in 1974, Human-Machine System designers are fighting to find what could be the best organization between humans and machines. Several criteria can be used to evaluate such organizations and find the best combination of functions completed by human and machine. A good combination of functions adapted to specific situations may be identified as cooperative patterns used by agents to succeed in their cooperative tasks. The objective of this paper is firstly to introduce the concept of pattern and the way to adapt this concept in the context of cooperation. Then, a second part addresses methodological aspects and proposes methods to identify cooperative patterns. The third and fourth parts apply this method to the design of a Human-Cyber-Physical System studied within the framework of the HUMANISM project, and preliminary results of an experiment are presented.