Partial Deployment of Rooftop Solar and an Energy Efficiency Approach for Decreasing Grid Dependency

this research is conducted on how energy efficiency and solar energy can be used to reduce electricity consumption and increase cost-saving in a large government office—Ministry of Higher Education in Afghanistan. High energy-efficient appliances are identified and proposed to be replaced with existing high energy consumption and less energy-efficient appliances. Each year, by the 25% energy efficiency retrofitting of electrical appliances, a balanced and effective implementation in compromise to Ministry of Higher Education annual budget could be applied. By conducting this research, in the first year, performing 25% of the equipment's energy efficiency retrofitting, results on 75 MWh of energy-saving and ${\$}13,350$ of cost-saving. However, this would reach to saving of 300 MWh of energy with cost of ${\$}53,400$, if the 100% energy efficiency retrofitting will be considered. By introducing a renewable energy system and energy efficiency retrofitting of appliances in parallel, besides significant and exceptional cost and energy saving, the emission of CO
2
decreases notedly to 12% from the 100% referenced in the base case. The optimal technoeconomic analysis is conducted using Homer Pro and can be a good reference for expanding the idea on similar sites as well as future guidelines for a successful project implementation.