A Survey on underwater wireless sensor networks: challenges, requirements, and opportunities

The fields Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSN) and Underwater Acoustical Sensor Networks (UASNs) have attracted recent attention. The previous studies, on the other hand, have not collected the situation in this area to find the current advances that have been fueled by submerged sensor technology. By evaluating the research of the last five years on various factors that allow the behavior of the network and the implementations in the parameters of the UWSN provides the most recent overview of the results data. The necessity for durable and adaptable technologies that can meet the criteria for the fast growth of UWSN's prompted this research. The main criteria for delivering necessary services along with shared platforms for UWSN's are identified in this article. It also creates a taxonomy of essential components in UWSN's by categorizing organizational features, telecommunications, routing algorithm and standardization, security, and UWSN's implementations. Furthermore, as a roadmap for future study paths, the key problems that remain unsolved are given.