A Review on Demand Response Techniques of Load Management in Smart Grid

Technology cannot develop without up gradation and this concept is deeply accepted in the field of power grid which has given birth to the concept of an interactive power network known as the smart grid system. The new realm of a smart grid signifies renovation of the existing power grid to a new version which will incorporate distributed renewable energy sources (DER) and at the same optimize the uses of power at the consumer end during the high price of electricity which is called demand side management. The renewable generation is weather dependent and is incapable of supplying the peak loads which is expected to increase, due to the escalation of demand of both heat and power in residential load as well as industrial sector. This temporal variability of renewable energy sources may degrade the reliability of electricity to its consumers which throws a severe challenge to power system engineering. In order to extricate this unavoidable constraint, smart grid with the deployment of high speed communication network can introduce demand response as a optimization resource since consumer is not using all the loads for all the times. Demand response optimization programs (DR) are thus dedicated to schedule the energy consumption behavior of end-users in a smart power grid in an optimal fashion. It has been demonstrated in various research works on this problem that the simultaneous use of smart grid communication technologies with DR programs helps utilities to save electricity economically by peak shaving of demand. This paper presents an comprehensive review of various modern techniques of demand response adopted in power industry employing smart power grid and also present possible benefits that demand response can introduce in economic supply of electricity with quality and high standards of reliability in future power grids.