Microgrid Integrated Charging Infrastructure with PV Array and Seamless Grid-Hydro Generator Synchronization for Rural and Hilly Areas

In this paper, a microgrid integrated charging station is developed for electric vehicles (EVs) charging in hilly and rural area by using a photovoltaic (PV) array and a hydro generator with adverse grid conditions. In rural and hilly areas, there is continuous fluctuation in the distribution grid, which can interrupt the power across the EVs and household loads. Therefore, a microgrid integrated charging station is developed with a hydro power, which seamlessly switched to islanded and grid connected modes as per the accessibility of utility grid. The microgrid integrated charging station, is controlled using an upper threshold sparse identified zero attractor zero-attracting proportionate normalized least mean square (UTSI-ZAPNLMS) control technique. The initial convergence process of UTSI-ZA-PNLMS technique is quick and also enhances the dynamic performance under nonlinear load perturbation. Moreover, the mean square error (MSE) of load current is improved due to low convergence rate in later period. The adaptation process becomes accurate by introducing the upper threshold limit to truncate the MSE error of load current to converge faster and the dynamic response is further improved. Under peak load demand and outage of the distribution grid, the vehicles at charging station are charged through the PV power and hydro power to support the distribution grid. However, under recovery of distribution grid, the EVs load is switched to the grid under low PV power, load demand and hydro power.