Proof-of-principle Experiment on 24 GHz Medical Radar for Non-contact Vital Signs Measurement

Medical radar for non-contact vital signs measurement exhibits great potential in both clinical and home healthcare settings. Especially during the corona virus spreading time, non-contact sensing more clearly shows the advantages. Many previous studies have concentrated on medical radar-based healthcare applications, but pay less attention to the working principles. A clear understanding of medical radars at both the mathematical and physical levels is critically important for developing application-specific signal processing algorithms. Therefore, this study aims to re-define the operating principle of radar, and a proof-of-principle experiment was performed on both actuator and human subjects using 24 GHz Doppler radar system. Experimental results indicate that there is a difference in the radar output signals between the two cases, where the displacement is greater than and less than half of the wavelength. For the former situation, the displacement x = n.λ/2 (n ≥ 1), one peak of radar signals corresponds to n peaks of baseband signals. By contrast, for the latter situation, the displacement x < λ/2, one peak of radar signals corresponds to one peak of baseband signals. Strikingly, with human measurement on the dorsal side, the the number of respiration peaks are seen from the radar raw signals.