Solid waste management and monitoring system for smart cities: development of a low-cost sustainable IoT architecture using GPRS/GSM

Internet of Things (IoT) devices are getting more common every day and being used by a diversity of applications, such as health, wearables, and smart cities. Nonetheless, there is a gap between energy-saving and data transfer capacity from the sensors to great distances, using IP networks. Proposals such as narrowband are promising, however, there is not as much coverage into big centers as 2G technology has. This work proposes the development of a solution to monitor smart containers, using solar plate-powered devices and sending collected data using 2G mobile networks, without needing to recharge the battery manually from the devices, with high energy efficiency.